Introduction

The UAE judicial system is structured to ensure justice, transparency, and the protection of rights. One of the key features of this system is the availability of multiple levels of litigation, allowing parties to appeal judgments and verify their legal soundness. The Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal are two fundamental stages within this structure. This article clarifies the differences between them regarding jurisdiction, judgment nature, and procedural role

 

1. Court of First Instance

Definition

The Court of First Instance is the primary judicial authority where legal disputes are filed and examined for the first time.

Jurisdiction

It handles:

• Civil and commercial cases
• Labor disputes
• Personal status cases
• Criminal cases within specific legal limits
• Urgent or provisional orders

Judgment Nature

Judgments issued by this court are not final and may be appealed before the Court of Appeal.

 

2. Court of Appeal

Definition

The Court of Appeal constitutes the second level of litigation and reviews appeals filed against decisions of the Court of First Instance.

Jurisdiction

• Re-examines the case both legally and factually
• Reviews evidence, pleadings, and• procedural steps
• May uphold, amend, or overturn the original judgment

Judgment Nature

Judgments issued are generally final, except when specific legal grounds allow them to be taken to the Court of Cassation.

 

Comparison Table

Court of Appeal	Court of First Instance	Criteria
Second	First	Litigation Level
Review and re-evaluation	Initial examination	Case Examination
Final, subject to limited further appeal	Appealable	Judgment Status
Legal and procedural validity	Original facts and evidence	Scope of Review

 

Conclusion

Understanding the difference between the Court of First Instance and the Court of Appeal provides clarity on litigation procedures and helps individuals make informed legal decisions. Seeking legal advice early in a dispute is essential to ensure a strong position and avoid procedural errors.

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